Abstract

Hypothesis on the Presence of Smooth Muscle Lysis Factor as a Marker In theDiagnosis of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

Dopamine as a neurotransmitter acts to convey messages from one cell to another and it’s secretion decrease leads to numerous diseases of motor impairment such as Parkinson disease. In the same way, the use of particular drugs that block the dopamine receptors in the brain cells results in muscle rigidity increase. One of the side effects of these drugs can be Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS). NMS is a relatively rare but potentially fatal complication of the use of neuroleptic drugs. Measuring blood CPK (Creatine Phosphokinase ) enzyme – the result of the tension and lysis in the body of stripped muscles– can be used as one of the experimental and documentary factors to diagnose and also confirm this disease. The symptoms of NMS -considered as atypical symptoms in scientific articles- can be explained by the changes on the level of Acetylcholine. Acetylcholine functions as a neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system, acting in both preganglionic and postganglionic neurons as well as being the final released product of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons. Acetylcholine release from cholinergic interneurons activates muscarinic receptors and has multiple effects that oppose dopamine release and signaling (the dopamine whose function is related to motor actions). This led to the formulation of the hypothesis that the imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine in the striatum area is critical for maintaining normal motor function. Due to the effect of acetylcholine on the smooth muscles of the body internal organs, this hypothesis focuses on the idea shows that the tension and lysis in the body smooth muscles might produce a factor similar to CPK in the blood.


Author(s):

Hoghoughi Nazanin*, Maroufi Azad, Hoghoughi Negin



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